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Who are the Inuit?
The Inuit, which means "the People" in theInuktitut language, are a grouping of indigenous people who primarily live in the northernmost regions of Canada. One time called Eskimos (meaning "eater of raw meat" by other Native Americans), they are individually known as Inuk, and they call their homeland Inuit Nunangat.
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This proper name refers to the state, water, and ice contained within the Arctic region which they traditionally inhabit. Depending on who you inquire, their homeland can as well extend to the land occupied by the Inuit in Alaska and Greenland too.
Traditionally, the Inuit were hunters and gatherers who moved seasonally from ane camp to some other. Due south eal, whale, duck, caribou, fish, and berries were some of the main sources of diet. Today, these foods are still popular, along with foods like fruit and vegetables that must be imported.
What are the Inuit known for?
The Inuit have a long and fascinating history and culture. While the Chill regions of Canada may have been occupied since around 4,000BC, the ancestors of the nowadays-day Inuit announced to have arrived around ane,050AD and are culturally related to the Inupiat people of Northern Alaska, Katladlit of Greenland, and Yuit, or Yupitof Siberia and Western Alaska. The Norse people may likewise take been a major influence on the early Inuit, from around the 11th Century.
Since and so, explorers, whalers, traders, missionaries, and scientists accept farther influenced and fundamentally changed the Inuit culture over time. Alt hough largely ignored past the Canadian federal government until 1939, the Inuit were oft subjected to enforced absorption into a "Canadian" way of life. Children were ofttimes sent to residential schools in Canada and some communities were forced to relocate and give up their nomadic lifestyle. The authorities also imposed a naming system on the Inuit that forced them to exist referred to past number, rather than name, when dealing with the government.
That being said, the Inuit have managed to preserve their rich civilisation and language.
Co-ordinate to Statistics Canada, in 2016, the recorded population of the Inuit was but over 65,000. This marked a 29.1% increase since the previous census in 2006.
In Canada, the Inuit contain around 3.9% of the full ethnic population of the country. According to the same statistics, somewhere in the region of 73% of the Inuit lived in Inuit Nunangat, with 63.7% living inNunavut, followed by Nunavik (in northernQuébec), the western arctic (Northwest Territories andYukon), known as Inuvialuit, and Nunatsiavut (located along the northern coast ofLabrador).
The Inuit comprise of 8 main Inuit ethnicities that include:
- TheLabradormiut (Labrador)
- Nunavimmiut (Ungava)
- Baffin Island
- Iglulingmuit (Iglulik)
- Kivallirmiut (Caribou)
- Netsilingmiut (Netsilik)
- Inuinnait (Copper)
- Inuvialuit or Western Arctic Inuit (who replaced the Mackenzie Inuit).
The Inuit as well have around 5 main dialects of speech includingInuvialuktun (Inuvialuit region in the Northwest Territories); Inuinnaqtun (western Nunavut); Inuktitut (eastern Nunavut dialect); Inuktitut (Nunavik dialect); and Nunatsiavumiuttut (Nunatsiavut). Co-ordinate to the same 2022 statistics, somewhere in the region of 83.9% of the Inuit cocky-reported as having a conversational knowledge of one or more than Inuit dialects.
Today, virtually Inuit are more sedentary when compared to their ancestors primarily nomadic lifestyle.
What are some examples of Inuit inventions?
And so, without further ado, here are some examples of Inuit inventions. This list is far from exhaustive and is in no particular gild.
1. The Inuit may have invented the first sunglasses
While you'll not likely discover these sunglasses in your local opticians, the Inuit invented a form of early sunglasses. Consisting of a strip of hard textile with modest slits cutting into it to see through, these "sunglasses" helped remove the glare of reflected sunlight when traversing the snow-covered landscape of the Arctic circumvolve.
Technically known every bit snow goggles, this device has proved invaluable in helping forbid snow blindness when outdoors. Technically known as photokeratitis, snowfall blindness is a kind of sunburn of the eyes, and it can permanently damage the eyesight if precautions are non taken.
These goggles were often made of bone, ivory, or forest, and the slights help block out most of the dangerous UV radiation exposure to a wearer'southward eyes.
2. The Inukshuk is a very important Inuit invention
If you have ever visited Northern Canada, yous will eventually run into strange piles of stones known as Inukshuk. Pronounced "i-NOOK-shook", these piles of stones are something like an early-GPS.
Made of carefully piled local stones, these structures served primarily as navigational aids for passing travelers. Often used to mark sacred places, good hunting grounds, fishing spots, etc, they also worked as handy signposts in a landscape oftentimes covered in a bounding main of pure white snow, with few other landmarks.
They are so important to the Inuit, that a stylizedInukshuk takes pride of place in the center of the flag of the Nunavut.
Merely they likewise performed many other of import functions. Inukshuks were used by hunters to hide while waiting to ambush prey. The prey would be herded down a path where hunters waited earlier striking at the most opportune moment.
Some piles of stones look like a replica person with a head, arms, and legs. Often chosen Inukshuk, these are actually called inunnguat or inunnguaq past the Inuit are non technically speaking truthful Inukshuk.
In Inuit tradition, information technology is forbidden to destroy these structures. Why you would want to destroy ane anyway is anyone's guess.
iii. The igloo is probably one of their most famous inventions
Igloos or iglu, too known as aputiak, are another very interesting invention of the Inuit. In case you are non aware, these are temporary winter homes or hunting-footing shelters built by the Canadian and Greenlandic Inuit.
The term is derived from the Inuit give-and-take igdlu ("house") which in turn is related to Iglulik (an Inuit town) and Iglulirmiut (an Inuit group) that both come from an island of the aforementioned proper noun. These structures are made from blocks of snowfall that are stacked into a dome-shaped structure.
While an iconic structure associated with the Inuit around the world, they are by and large only used in an area locatedbetwixt the Mackenzie River delta and Labrador. In the summer months, Inuit tended to build temporary sealskin or, more recently, textile tents.
Building an Igloo is no small feat, and builders must get-go discover a deep snowdrift of fine-grained compact snow. They then cut the snow into blocks using a snowfall knife — which is a swordlike instrument made of bone or metal. Each Igloo edifice cake is cut to be roughly 2 foot by 4 foot (60 cm by 120 cm), and approximately 8 inches (20 cm) thick. The starting time row is laid out in a rough circle on a flat stretch of snow.
Overall dimensions of Igloos practice vary, and are generally built to house a single-family unit unit.
Subsequently the first blocks have been laid, their acme surfaces are cut at a slight angle to form a spiral from ane cease to the other. Additional blocks are then added to the spiral, cartoon the construction inward until the dome is completed, except for a hole at the height for ventilation.
Loose snow is then used to make full in any gaps between the blocks and human activity as a kind of cement. A articulate piece of ice or seal intestine may also be used to serve as a window.
Access is made into the Igloo via a narrow, semicylindrical passageway, roughly ten feet (three meters) long, that oft contains small vaults for storing supplies. A simple "door" is also added to the access passageway using some sealskin.
Within the Igloo, simple furnishings are used, including a shallow saucer to fire seal blab for oestrus and lite, and a depression sleeping platform of snowfall, covered with willow twigs and caribou fur are present.
4. You can give thanks the Inuit for the kayak the too
Yous are probably more than than familiar with the kayak, just did yous know it was originally invented by the Inuit? The discussion comes from the Inuit word qajaq and is also a common piece of kit for other Chill circle indigenous peoples like the Yup'ik of Alaska and the Russiam far-eastward and Aleut of the Aleutian Isles.
Such boats were and still are, used to chase on inland lakes, rivers, and in the coastal waters of the Arctic Ocean, North Atlantic, Bering Sea, and the Due north Pacific. The very first examples were likely fashioned from a stitched sealskin, or other animal skin, stretched over a wood or whalebone-skeleton frame.
The offset kayaks are believed to have originated as early every bit four,000 years ago with the oldest surviving example known dating to 1577 Advertizement. This kayak is currently exhibited in the North American department of the Land Museum of Ethnology in Munich, Germany.
Inuit kayaks have lengths three times the span of a architect's outstretched arms (typically 20-22 inches/51-56cm), and the cockpit width was usually large enough to accommodate the architect's hips plus ii fists. They are usually around 7 inches (18 cm), or then, deep.
v. Toboggan'due south are likewise an Inuit invention
Some other interesting Inuit invention is the toboggan. Devised to assist Inuit hunters comport furs and meat over snow and ice, today they bring a lot of joy to many children effectually the world.
Traditional toboggans are made of several wooden boards, like birch, each effectually six inches (15 cm) broad, 1/4 inch (0.half dozen cm) thick, and vi-foot-long(182 cm) fastened parallel to ane another using battens that are sowed together using deerskin. Idea designs can vary.
The front is normally curved upwards to aid bargain with the uneven surfaces of snow cover.
They typically likewise accept a thin rope fastened across the edge of the end of the curved forepart to provide a form of rudimentary steering. Such devices are typically ridden by a front "driver" who places their feet in the space behind the curved front, and other passengers sit behind grasping the waists of people in forepart of them.
6. Hoods that double equally born baby carriers are another Inuit invention
Yes, you read that right. The Inuit likewise invented a special kind of clothing with a large hood that could exist used to acquit babies in!
Called a parka, these garments were specially designed to ensure the survival of their wearers in the harsh Arctic climate. Traditional parkas were fabricated from either sealskin or caribou peel, and they all come with large, well-insulated hoods.
Typically, aparka is hip-lengthed and is stuffed with downwardly or, more recently, warm synthetic fiber, and the hood is fur-lined.
Withal, the women's parkas of the Inuit of the Eastern Chill ofttimes had larger hoods that could double up as babe carriers. These special parkas are called amauti.
Parka is typically worn past Inuit hunters and for kayaking.
7. The kakivak angling spear is an important piece of kit
Another important Inuit invention is the specially designed fishing spear called a kakivar. This ingenious and lethal-looking hunting tool consisted of a long wooden handle that either bifurcated into an open curvation or had two ribs attached at the "business end" to class a kind of pseudo-trident.
Each curved prong has a sharpened slice of os, or metal, "tooth" with a third elongated "molar" extending from the shaft to the center of the opening made betwixt the pronged hooks. You lot tin probably work out how it worked.
8. The Inuit harpoon helped inspire the Temple's Toggle harpoon
The Temple's Toggle, aka the "Toggling Harpoon" or "Blood harpoon" invented by Lewis Temple in the 1800s, was a revolutionary blueprint at the time. These kinds of harpoons were designed to accept the head disassemble when information technology hitting the prey.
The head, would in plough, then twists inside the creature to brand it easier for hunters to haul the animal onto a ship or to shore.
The design proved so constructive that the head often penetrates deep below the animal's skin and blubber, often reaching the muscle underneath. This has the added benefit of preventing the head from slipping out of the casualty every bit it inevitably struggles to get free.
Mod European and American versions of it speedily became the standard and widely replaced the "two flue" and "single flue" harpoons used in whaling fleets.
nine. Snowshoes are besides thought to be an Inuit invention
And lastly, another interesting Inuit invention is snowshoes. While some historians believe the first snowshoes may have appeared in Central Asia betweeniv-6 k years ago, by far the nearly advanced versions prior to 20th-century versions were developed past the Inuit.
The Inuit have 2 styles, one triangular or ellipsoid in shape, and the other well-nigh round in course. Both were designed such as to spread the weight of the wearer over a larger area for traversing deep, loose, and powdery snow.
Interestingly, it seems the Inuit did not use them oft, as much of their migration paths were over sea ice and tundra.
And that, ladies and gentlemen, is a wrap.
These are but a few of the about interesting and notable Inuit inventions.
Source: https://interestingengineering.com/9-things-you-probably-didnt-know-were-inuit-inventions
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